Translation glossary: Cartographic Terms

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Degree of conformity with a standard. Accuracy relates to the quality of a result and is distinguished from precision which relates to the quality of

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Process designed to remove inconsistencies in measured or computed quantities by applying derived corrections to compensate for random or accidental e

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adjustment, land- line

Positioning land lines on a map to indicate their true, theoretical, or approximate location relative to the adjacent terrain and culture, by reconcil

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adjustment, standard accuracy

Adjustment of a survey resulting in values for positions and (or) elevations that comply with the National Map Accuracy Standards.

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aerotriangulation

The process of developing a network of horizontal and or vertical positions from a group of known positions using direct or indirect measurements from

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Instrument, or part of an instrument , for determining direction , either horizontal or vertical . In its simplest form, a peepsight or telescope moun

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Instrument for measuring altitudes or elevations with respect to a reference level, usually mean sea level. The most common type is an aneroid baromet

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Horizontal direction reckoned clockwise from the meridian plane.

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Part of a beach that is usually dry and is reached only by the highest tides; by extension, a narrow strip of relatively flat coast bordering the sea.

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Science of measuring water depths (usually in the ocean) to determine bottom topography.

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beach (seabeach)

Zone of unconsolidated material that extends landward from the low water line to the place where there is marked change in material or physiographic f

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Relatively permanent material object, natural or artificial, bearing a marked point whose elevation above or below an adopted datum is known.

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boundary monument

Material object placed on or near a boundary line to preserve and identify the location of the boundary line on the ground

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boundary survey

Survey made to establish or to reestablish a boundary line on the ground, or to obtain data for constructing a map or plat showing a boundary line.

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cadastral survey

Survey relating to land boundaries, made to create units suitable for title transfer or to define the limitations of title. Derived from \"cadastre\"

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Science and art of making maps and charts. The term may be taken broadly as comprising all the steps needed to produce a map: planning, aerial photogr

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Unit of length equal to 66 feet, used especially in the U.S. public land surveys. The original measuring instrument (Gunter\'s chain) was literally a

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Special-purpose map designed for navigation or to present specific data or information. The term \"chart\" is applied chiefly to maps made primarily f

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chart, aeronautical

Charts designed to meet requirements of aerial navigating, produced in several series, each on a specified map projection and differing in scale, form

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chart, bathymetric

See: map, bathymetric

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chart, nautical

Representation of a portion of the navigable waters of the Earth and adjacent coastal areas on a specified map projection and designed specifically to

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color separation

Process of preparing a separate drawing, engraving, or negative for each color required in the printing production of a map or chart.

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Preparation of a new or revised map or chart, or portion thereof, from existing maps, aerial photographs, field surveys, and other sources.

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continuous tone

Image not broken into dots by photographic screen; contains unbroken gradient tones from black to white, and may be either in negative or positive for

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Imaginary line on ground, all points of which are at the same elevation above or below a specific datum.

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contour interval

Difference in elevation between two adjacent contours.

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control mapping

Points of established position or elevation, or both, which are used to fix references in positioning and correlating map features. Fundamental contro

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control station

Point on the ground whose position (horizontal or vertical) is known and can be used as a base for additional survey work.

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Linear and (or) angular quantities that designate the position of a point in relation to a given reference frame.

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coordinates, origin of

Points in a system of coordinates which serves as a zero point in computing the system\'s elements or in prescribing its use.

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Features constructed by man that are under, on, or above the ground which are delineated on a map. These include roads, trails, buildings, canals, sew

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datum (pl. datums)

In surveying, a reference system for computing or correlating the results of surveys. There are tow principal types of datums: vertical and horizontal

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datum, national geodetic vertical

See: national geodetic vertical datum of 1929

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In astronomy, the angular distance of a celestial body above (north, plus) or below (south, minus) the celestial Equator. Magnetic declination is the

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Line on a map or chart connecting points of equal depth below the datum.

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Rapid method for copying documents in which the image is developed by exposure to ammonia.

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Bank of earth or stone used to form a barrier, frequently and confusingly interchanged with levee. A dike restrains water within an area that normally

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electronic distance measuring (EDM) device:

Instruments that measure the phase difference between transmitted and reflected or retransmitted electromagnetic waves of known frequency, or that mea

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Vertical distance of a point above or below a reference surface or datum.

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Double-projection plotting instrument utilizing ellipsoidal reflectors for light projection.

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Group of natural processes including weathering, dissolution, abrasion, corrosion, and transportation that remove material from any part of the Earth\

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That portion of a stream influenced by the tide of the body of water into which it flows; an arm of the sea at a river mouth.

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feature separation

Process of preparing a separate drawing, engraving, or negative for selected types of data in the preparation of a map or chart.

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flood control map

See: map, flood control

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Belt of low flat ground bordering a stream channel that is flooded when runoff exceeds the capacity of the stream channel.

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See: map, forestry

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Lines, resembling contour lines, drawn to present a conception of the shape of the terrain without regard to a true datum or regular spacing

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Science concerned with the measurement and mathematical description of the size and shape of the earth and its gravitational fields. Geodesy also incl

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Figure of the Earth visualized as a mean sea level surface extended continuously through the continents. It is a theoretically continuous surface that

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See: map, geologic

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189Cartographic Terms

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